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How to figure a home's fundamental value3 m/ u# d$ E* n
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.4 W8 M, b" A$ v8 d* J- s3 T
9 j8 Z: W& w) LNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.1 J& j* u' ^* ?: x: z& W4 \; [) r: {
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:! F# F- k* M, i+ I
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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9 z J' ? S6 s- n: vSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
6 T n2 P: ?) P6 Q; M+ H7 A8 ?4 ?San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
. f1 z" s: c* A, b; T% ^3 u# `New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
* c0 O. ]0 u" L" B- Z& [You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. , a9 r5 K; u# J2 ?
# v( _$ D$ j. @1 H; T- B, `9 zIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.6 Q5 f, n. ~ u( H0 O9 B8 ?& A
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
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3 I6 R* {$ h3 t9 `" C9 \; [Boston 20.5 30.2 1 U, R; c; L$ Q: L, G q9 y
San Diego 22.8 29.7
/ H, W% r! V: d. z$ x/ F |, oSan Francisco 23.8 27.2 * g1 n6 h9 ]8 w0 U+ @
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6
0 Y& m9 ~: z8 u% V% pSeattle 20.4 25 - V) j( { s/ e/ r% M
Denver 17.7 23.7 : r) Z' X# P% |$ g6 e. ?# J
New York 21.2 22.5
. V: E1 C- [3 R: J9 B+ s+ y( AChicago 17.2 20.8 : N! i" D5 K! U' _0 n- K) t& L2 E. A
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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2 d, K6 ?' x- x1 w3 _' C8 LIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.! a- l i) A' a5 h6 }2 d5 c _
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8 ^7 x1 z) K' z8 @0 DFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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