 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
, Y0 P v( \7 H" \Formal Statements! f* O) i( H; U/ _. k; U. g
1. Public Speeches
/ ?& G! n1 Y4 G# c2 c# T) ` 2. Letters of opposition or support
: X7 m/ m! f; L2 e3 z 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
2 Q3 A5 [. {# x! i 4. Signed public statements
6 s* J/ l1 \" d- l 5. Declarations of indictment and intention6 g$ G" @* v& x J3 a6 f
6. Group or mass petitions5 x P& a% ], K) m" n# F5 z. Z
/ x7 \7 A. f. L* x _: Z( ^2 X) QCommunications with a Wider Audience( K& C0 v: {9 W4 G9 e; O
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
4 ^! M# z4 |5 c4 H/ C/ P* I 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
( x: B' }0 p6 p3 t0 T: `" N 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
* `* |# Y. r/ I* C 10. Newspapers and journals
2 M9 R5 A% j9 |( ~; C) G Z4 l 11. Records, radio, and television& ^2 U8 D- T$ h, N
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
; a( e+ H( T5 { w: _/ [7 f2 t. ?3 V V8 P
Group Representations/ v, v8 g2 Q" b8 a. N
13. Deputations
" |( ]9 y$ `6 W7 I% o0 f 14. Mock awards
+ w) Y4 [5 q, W% T# _ 15. Group lobbying* C! M6 T3 `- l: T. M
16. Picketing
4 S# o+ M" Z, h3 x 17. Mock elections4 i! x, V N/ c9 W8 K$ p
% K) c# _8 G/ v U: r
Symbolic Public Acts
* O0 s# N) g4 j) _' ^% X# v 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors- l' }0 L$ u# Y5 k: O
19. Wearing of symbols( o5 u; f. z# n8 ]+ @- ~: I/ i+ g7 m
20. Prayer and worship
O& @: j2 g6 _5 V/ `8 S N( p 21. Delivering symbolic objects' B. F' |; M6 X5 w2 D* W
22. Protest disrobings* j( n1 f; e- F @
23. Destruction of own property
. Y5 J& T7 T& S9 k! Z1 m; e9 i( N 24. Symbolic lights6 E1 g8 I: v2 P, e& S
25. Displays of portraits
F/ ]; Z& L4 M4 S( x2 t; _) h 26. Paint as protest/ V3 T# P# E) b4 f; l( y; ]
27. New signs and names4 d- X5 e. e. w
28. Symbolic sounds/ \ r% n5 \; h
29. Symbolic reclamations
. p. X* u9 ]; z7 u& ^% d) H 30. Rude gestures- Y9 Y% S! U: ~. J2 A
2 I7 j3 ]3 }" ^7 v: z6 DPressures on Individuals
, T7 G( D5 `0 x3 {( Q, G 31. “Haunting” officials
! j" ~9 J$ }9 @8 A0 l 32. Taunting officials' _) n: X' L$ X" ~- j
33. Fraternization9 h! L; l" D F4 ~" ]0 \
34. Vigils" K$ W" [' v6 ?. m7 x9 L
) [# O$ f( f# d
Drama and Music
9 A6 R: g) S$ w" D. p# E 35. Humorous skits and pranks# S$ k' N1 D8 [7 m; n7 ^9 S
36. Performances of plays and music
& L" o G6 T( U: t- Z0 W {; r 37. Singing
( N6 O4 Q, _% L$ _4 I3 r
: ~; [5 p8 h, eProcessions& h- w$ F& h o3 f* N' W
38. Marches5 J; ]2 Y/ g1 I/ h0 E
39. Parades% F" s* T# p9 j; F ^ ?% Q' P
40. Religious processions5 c3 P5 w+ ^4 b2 d0 M5 q9 Z. i
41. Pilgrimages
) ^" K% `9 q5 C" A' L 42. Motorcades
% X6 \+ ~0 w7 ^. J' o' d9 {
/ c" ?3 |9 n A5 eHonoring the Dead# H4 ~5 j/ @ y
43. Political mourning
7 g5 n# m' x4 j1 k% G 44. Mock funerals$ t. \9 I$ ~' T9 N% Q' C
45. Demonstrative funerals
! _: ~5 d3 X" \; w9 M- ? 46. Homage at burial places4 n5 n+ }$ O& C. @1 W4 U
7 ^( k: S' q/ e1 ~) Z4 T
Public Assemblies9 B; N4 i7 ]4 L: a' E( r# a% ^
47. Assemblies of protest or support
+ ]: }/ ]1 x5 O, ^8 U) m ` 48. Protest meetings
4 x, ?$ \( Q. A 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
' X2 p- i1 c6 ?' I' N7 z 50. Teach-ins
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_( M: @8 I" K f& ?4 \" I7 VWithdrawal and Renunciation
( B' i$ s4 H( [7 W% p 51. Walk-outs1 m7 [7 m6 i0 K5 \4 e n+ F8 ~
52. Silence
" Y6 R% a% g. _, p5 Z( n6 _3 D" B4 F 53. Renouncing honors
, _9 t! }( a3 R2 c1 O" i! W8 @ 54. Turning one’s back9 M) h* ]2 q0 O
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0 B6 ]- F# X! a: I" ?) NTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
8 u, M) N* n7 S8 B* D" z4 E$ u
" O5 X. v! a- r, b8 b0 V9 m $ O/ F" C, { {4 ]
8 H5 n. e$ H3 POstracism of Persons; ~1 L" |& A/ u# C
55. Social boycott& q, b0 O+ z5 B/ Z( v
56. Selective social boycott
$ |3 x2 }2 w) {! P 57. Lysistratic nonaction1 ~% `, n4 g; g' E; Q
58. Excommunication. ]' i/ V4 \7 b" w0 ~; L4 v
59. Interdict6 B9 G- w" `- I! `( |
+ I1 G8 a3 Z* m) O
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
& i1 G; Y( X* G0 x) M 60. Suspension of social and sports activities- q6 {2 T$ G% A8 G' ]
61. Boycott of social affairs
+ l2 k3 b- o6 E' x0 k" \2 @/ i 62. Student strike, A/ T' W- y* e( O: D
63. Social disobedience$ i6 u' q; R2 `6 T$ d! k
64. Withdrawal from social institutions) ^% q @) A( \: L9 {( v
: D3 B( @" d _ ~- q: fWithdrawal from the Social System
2 e ^. j9 |9 `5 {) i1 q 65. Stay-at-home
5 q: e; _3 H7 a* ~" ^ 66. Total personal noncooperation
2 } P g o3 [; n( I3 c) U9 L0 Q 67. “Flight” of workers2 p6 D% i8 J: h9 a! V
68. Sanctuary9 ~* z2 o& X4 ]$ ~" ?' d' R
69. Collective disappearance
1 N4 E3 _, G$ L9 _( ]3 [/ |, ? 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)9 V/ k) g- f5 j' O8 @
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5 f4 m( _! }% p& F
- L+ y% T0 M" ~! f. K4 ETHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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* k Z: M0 ^& }6 R7 a7 GActions by Consumers
, c. y- z- |+ Z/ o7 A' D f 71. Consumers’ boycott
6 `2 P- R% r3 L8 L+ h) V+ R3 x" a" R 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods# z3 v/ F* `$ B/ f
73. Policy of austerity
; h/ J* t1 c. M9 t$ G# y9 D2 @6 a 74. Rent withholding
8 J4 \3 M) ^' q2 ]. \9 L+ C' ~6 O 75. Refusal to rent
; i% u5 ]8 j" B! F7 w 76. National consumers’ boycott: i$ s$ j7 E) Q) {# d
77. International consumers’ boycott. I C2 F9 {' y* o) ~0 \+ q5 L
0 L' a4 G6 @# ]( B9 p/ K+ |Action by Workers and Producers
5 D( v9 {) h) Z+ A 78. Workmen’s boycott- O3 @8 a: X6 I
79. Producers’ boycott
7 G2 S+ @ P, @' p4 K2 h8 t$ e/ H; `$ I* ^$ Z8 a0 y# R( ?
Action by Middlemen9 L# u7 [4 Y! X. D M0 K+ X+ n
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott6 p/ \5 D+ _) O% X
z! Y# p# o! O9 }! t6 k
Action by Owners and Management
! e: A& G5 e! e2 D/ ] 81. Traders’ boycott
3 f+ o0 U6 N) ?# k- _ 82. Refusal to let or sell property8 y& l9 M& i) L) V) d
83. Lockout; `% D% z0 D+ P
84. Refusal of industrial assistance z- L; J* }4 S% p
85. Merchants’ “general strike”) v, A7 A4 G# O8 a
% o$ T3 J1 p* o- q: B+ r$ f& ~
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
/ @5 }4 t# n+ k9 O2 W 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
3 f& \9 n1 M) P( R) N 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
1 b% N* m: }3 t' x3 a# n: w, o 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest: }: z' K9 G5 ]
89. Severance of funds and credit
' k; H& |7 J4 V, p+ v 90. Revenue refusal6 s4 I7 U9 K' S/ A4 [! |+ a$ b; |
91. Refusal of a government’s money" B* y% k1 i% k1 A
/ r5 t1 T) D9 ?! M3 z& NAction by Governments
" }5 f/ t) d/ j) e 92. Domestic embargo
. D) l" T! @+ t" M% }8 \ 93. Blacklisting of traders
* y2 S9 O4 R# B: g, Q6 w3 e) q 94. International sellers’ embargo
/ |6 E* T( \2 c- |$ A) Z, J' H' e 95. International buyers’ embargo( D/ D" @6 D5 p% M2 @* `7 I
96. International trade embargo) e* O) k: p# P# `$ n
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE# o% P, r8 g2 z& H7 {) E! I
# ~" I) F f( V; V3 i2 C: H
! ~, o- Q, t( a& w' c1 j& @& r
Symbolic Strikes; O! p" j q2 m% C8 l7 F
97. Protest strike
. K, b& x. Y# H; S& n) n 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)& i9 I |1 N/ F
5 d. k7 K" P( ^; Q; p# `& H1 JAgricultural Strikes+ |* e6 B1 J. ^/ B5 O
99. Peasant strike
# y O9 w2 ]" N. M8 [8 a- v 100. Farm Workers’ strike
' o; F4 Y" O; b, t1 K
8 j. }9 E1 Y) A8 V$ k: ~- e. rStrikes by Special Groups6 Z7 f$ Q8 B1 w) K" p
101. Refusal of impressed labor/ v2 i4 w- T1 T, Z' P* v
102. Prisoners’ strike
1 t: v+ r9 |1 h- r- _- Y4 W 103. Craft strike
# t- S# @) b! A8 a5 G; r+ A! @ 104. Professional strike
: d% N* _! a7 R3 @
( f: ^$ L9 j5 ?8 J, n1 E$ _Ordinary Industrial Strikes7 c& p6 |! K7 U- c
105. Establishment strike
! G4 J6 A: V+ A) s q 106. Industry strike
; W7 |& S7 V4 c/ D: h! D 107. Sympathetic strike; N" V' I% e6 ~3 W j
3 N S4 A9 F. i1 P4 v" N# LRestricted Strikes6 F, c$ ^8 J! v* ]6 v* \
108. Detailed strike' t9 b5 D ^ [; p- E, X
109. Bumper strike
% k6 y) \* E4 z; E# c 110. Slowdown strike' y! J# g: S o5 b7 D9 C
111. Working-to-rule strike% e8 C# z* \! `# Q4 H( l5 m# \
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)/ s2 P4 B. |8 Z* @6 n5 D
113. Strike by resignation
( B2 x5 y( ?. ]5 [1 t. W% k. [ a 114. Limited strike
5 E* ]1 [/ Z ~- n 115. Selective strike
; z9 P8 A9 b1 S) m5 [! o5 x
3 y8 z* G7 }) v5 }+ u: XMulti-Industry Strikes
) T! ]% n& G' [9 |* ~: [) H `5 L/ U* }) i; L1 L0 X6 t
116. Generalized strike
3 D! m+ ]2 d* U# v# ^
" k$ M1 _. P% D; r( O 117. General strike/ O$ e1 ?( k$ k# P q( v; a/ X
7 [- t& w7 X: ZCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
$ ]; r9 Z# |7 Q( Z; g1 m' P3 C/ U8 }5 r1 ]1 g# z- B: C. v
118. Hartal
) m( F% l# `% {5 T) ]( O6 ]" f
. ?3 s) X& k+ E0 i* e) J 119. Economic shutdown
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* S% c# n3 H M) S. ], m* fTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION' D& s. e7 c2 P" L* a2 s# H* d3 W
7 [/ n* ?) }5 B6 @
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Rejection of Authority) Z% h( c n* g* y8 k- q, d
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
$ O! G+ b' M2 P. d( t. u6 w! s 121. Refusal of public support/ l% x) F7 u8 N9 Z3 r4 e9 U$ A% f
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance; S/ g% a4 o: B0 z2 |2 U% H, Q
) ^9 T* I9 V$ B/ Y7 `0 X5 U
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government0 @$ d8 A. t. O0 N
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
# v5 F* z% [# X 124. Boycott of elections
0 Y+ U+ S p8 e 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
( c" Z$ n( B& B* {) J3 Q 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies3 {4 T5 V" P& g: [% E& X% x; C2 ]
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
$ j1 ?. ~# b8 S, e% y- d3 m 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
/ l7 T3 B6 v, y4 a, O! C6 _# ~* j; ] 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
% R: j2 } |0 P0 V( D) H- Z3 u 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks v' B& f$ t. M
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
0 i; }1 p' j# h0 m' M8 g 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions" S7 s$ P5 Y: J- t% w1 X) W
8 H( ~0 l) _! e/ Y. WCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience) F3 f' t3 M, {+ H' _/ T: D
133. Reluctant and slow compliance+ q ]8 O) G% Y+ x i3 r( R
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
* g* I& E' }1 ^* Y 135. Popular nonobedience5 M9 e$ g6 C5 t3 p- k
136. Disguised disobedience5 M+ M8 |5 f* ^0 Q2 e" ~4 t
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse6 l. W! f: |3 c' w% r, k
138. Sitdown6 b! c! j! K) d h% n* ^* D4 o8 J
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
" I& q8 b# R& | 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities# `: V2 m9 B- J
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws, W9 ^. A2 C U' a( H' Q
4 d# U% ^9 [4 c
Action by Government Personnel# _% y0 c0 y( S+ h
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
* w$ ]7 v1 H$ m) f" N) R# l 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
: I$ ?+ T1 p- o4 x, ^ 144. Stalling and obstruction
+ j. {7 P$ U/ l8 T/ M 145. General administrative noncooperation
6 v- H: |7 k/ ?- N# h
) A( f p$ w) M9 [) g9 S6 H 146. Judicial noncooperation h* z- k' ^) _0 o# ]: w, v6 i/ ?
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
! ~5 @ |7 M0 I A2 t+ K 148. Mutiny) u! I- C! t$ L4 E
Domestic Governmental Action
I! Y. b. z, ^ q7 ]0 ] 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
+ |; E, e3 D# j/ ` 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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# ?5 k" ^/ y, U* j! CInternational Governmental Action# x( L; L5 m/ L N
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
' M( K: r' ]& I4 F; P# F. z 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events& B2 f% S- g6 B6 ?9 W9 f# T
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition. Y1 @# c% \1 t1 c
154. Severance of diplomatic relations* P4 b2 U5 I: U; J- R$ h* z, Y
155. Withdrawal from international organizations& p0 E, d+ a% U6 J% F& K/ _
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies% i \' d$ h9 {/ j1 ]
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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6 B; v G* [( P3 Q. \$ ?$ D; X7 r, N0 Q4 N0 ?; E0 h! b3 p
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION: A: n! }, ?+ F& c
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, s4 P! B! v4 z+ wPsychological Intervention
! g# Y# v. j: @ 158. Self-exposure to the elements
# | r7 \( K# T 159. The fast
; N: k' R$ t! w2 e' j. _ i a) Fast of moral pressure
+ A; t; W3 G9 U& q7 k b) Hunger strike; p1 }. t9 s& O0 A0 F) J
c) Satyagrahic fast
; [/ M9 n5 u4 K5 Z) O 160. Reverse trial4 C J2 x* J) d& |' f6 }
161. Nonviolent harassment; B0 I# X' \7 W8 @0 ]7 T3 P6 w
2 R r6 ?. J! {5 U1 G: e$ s
Physical Intervention
5 e, }% Q2 F" Y( y- m& r, M 162. Sit-in' d8 ? [1 A8 U6 o
163. Stand-in& t0 [$ _8 u7 v( c+ g
164. Ride-in
4 {8 w2 S& r( z 165. Wade-in( [) W$ q, d- a
166. Mill-in( w+ {7 F9 I3 Y0 H0 j: M# z
167. Pray-in
( P- W( |9 C/ Q. ~. ]% B& H7 i 168. Nonviolent raids5 ]; j& e3 v1 s4 z8 r o& L, l
169. Nonviolent air raids5 Z( r) ]& m4 Y9 t' D
170. Nonviolent invasion6 j5 V' L9 d* ^* ~# F4 I+ I( B& Y+ S
171. Nonviolent interjection
! E5 B& A# P2 w 172. Nonviolent obstruction' m- b! a" f: `" T2 c8 B: i
173. Nonviolent occupation. G1 ?! z- }9 H" G. b9 s5 E
9 m! H6 L+ I% O/ p* _Social Intervention( A: q h: [" O: N: F$ K
174. Establishing new social patterns9 `! ?" {2 T7 W
175. Overloading of facilities, B/ \! S4 }/ J7 }/ d1 k
176. Stall-in$ }7 q9 |' A5 R* Y7 i: J
177. Speak-in
2 `% v. v3 H$ s: w% _ 178. Guerrilla theater2 y/ | {- c& r: D
179. Alternative social institutions
0 F& K4 L3 Z; T) B1 K' |2 Z ` 180. Alternative communication system0 b0 x9 S; N( G/ l- ^3 z1 `' O
- Y$ g* G: L5 N0 {
Economic Intervention9 l$ \3 i8 [: w, b% {
181. Reverse strike8 p# P3 G8 V6 J2 h* P4 M
182. Stay-in strike
# o# L4 T9 S) o; O 183. Nonviolent land seizure6 S! A c7 ~7 T% d4 X
184. Defiance of blockades
" V9 p2 H( M( W$ T! D( U7 T( ] 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
8 i5 x8 _1 X/ O 186. Preclusive purchasing
, J$ ] Y5 B* y" Y 187. Seizure of assets$ d2 e7 u6 p4 O" u( Q
188. Dumping
' F4 N \7 q, ^0 p6 e7 `! x& t 189. Selective patronage
3 k1 M3 @) U3 ]% @$ @2 l 190. Alternative markets" `4 J+ m3 ~0 `7 y) K1 P" U- M
191. Alternative transportation systems' Y* p' y0 @ V9 ]' l y
192. Alternative economic institutions
' Y/ k8 s s% c4 N9 D
& m& s- |* R. u0 sPolitical Intervention
+ v* F7 [3 t3 a- k* ? 193. Overloading of administrative systems7 f6 b+ {' i# @6 b1 a% H% F) w) k6 g/ i
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
, j) f- b9 _. t4 e% T 195. Seeking imprisonment @% L! T; i$ S |: O+ c
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
% n: D( a7 g5 }1 I$ O y' y 197. Work-on without collaboration
! z8 U1 o# @; f2 X 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government9 o C5 q+ V% V8 s7 d
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
