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How to figure a home's fundamental value! ?9 E) `5 I& N% S! q; |3 q3 Z
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.; M, h7 P3 I. s- N: u. k" I6 h
! T) O5 b% y9 S2 u6 GNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.+ T2 H1 ?1 q; \
2 v- R% n8 \$ r. |6 f0 oTo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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2 d% N. b5 V, \8 y' F; QIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.& r6 e; |% V; l% K7 c4 I" R% J
" E+ ]/ ~; }) r( f# V' RSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.8 d/ i; h" a% ^# U
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4., G$ B1 U0 U, u: @& ?- q
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
6 I# a% ~5 F7 mYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.& r. T+ t/ u8 a
0 u% `# |' F! R3 H, a& E8 f Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas , x7 h/ L; S( [3 r; d6 p4 B! U
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 7 k- q( y- C! v
Boston 20.5 30.2
7 y+ O& z1 Y- ?5 e! F. ~San Diego 22.8 29.7
* r/ V9 P) _5 Q5 s: nSan Francisco 23.8 27.2
5 ^, S" [3 T9 f' y9 k+ TLos Angeles 21.3 25.6
6 E1 m6 Q. ^/ W# r% ^) lSeattle 20.4 25 4 j4 O) A M: k% j9 y% T. L" C
Denver 17.7 23.7 , t6 M+ \- r8 t
New York 21.2 22.5
5 O% S5 | Z; ~# s4 tChicago 17.2 20.8
* U! G9 ~" V `Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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* g% R7 s$ R0 L9 S& y' M1 z9 ~" N; hIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.% l- N; i- Z Q/ O) ~1 S& U/ W/ K
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; A) C6 b3 j3 wFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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