 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
. ~$ Y5 @3 f) \, @ i# vFormal Statements! Y0 i4 O M" w( s) L) Y
1. Public Speeches# o" l/ D7 g7 O. p! [" t
2. Letters of opposition or support' }" v& `8 e0 [
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions0 l( V& f& V; p
4. Signed public statements
1 F1 n6 N. a; _+ l* [8 x9 {! S" `. Z 5. Declarations of indictment and intention2 A# P% A0 z3 A
6. Group or mass petitions
# W& u( V9 _1 Y/ |
7 I3 _( h+ ~* w) B* ], GCommunications with a Wider Audience% M: \5 z8 S% V8 {, ?9 S
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
0 f$ q, R' l7 ]3 g 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
6 ?# k7 c6 a7 z 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
" Y+ |; r5 R0 ]" Z6 W1 S6 S4 _ 10. Newspapers and journals
% V: n, Y2 t* E( L2 L' ?% Z7 K 11. Records, radio, and television
+ k9 F, ]1 G: V2 h9 O; D 12. Skywriting and earthwriting; s1 D5 l( o+ {# _/ M o0 x
' V2 ~( v% a4 i1 N. ?0 U6 fGroup Representations
; i9 n* E2 o2 H3 I( V) H2 I 13. Deputations# u. l6 l# Y) y
14. Mock awards. g2 T% J% u( P8 k+ f
15. Group lobbying
5 H0 N$ L" _ u; o R: J 16. Picketing
^, X4 N" e I" O! p* R 17. Mock elections; E' T" \$ t3 j: B- h: T
6 Y5 |" _( O% \7 L9 pSymbolic Public Acts. Y; `& u) ^4 S6 i2 a* n W% I
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors7 n5 T# Y2 R6 Y) s1 l. j2 c
19. Wearing of symbols
: y/ t7 b2 @1 ~" N S6 m2 A 20. Prayer and worship
2 T! c% O" u; f3 |' W2 g* ? 21. Delivering symbolic objects
" `" e" C5 i/ z: Y( M2 _ 22. Protest disrobings$ J9 X% C! m+ [% P' o J
23. Destruction of own property
8 g7 V/ C; }! i- k 24. Symbolic lights
/ ?8 c8 i2 R( k; d) \: z# z 25. Displays of portraits9 F, Q1 `) _1 c
26. Paint as protest$ ^! j8 e `* {" W; Y% D
27. New signs and names% B( ~6 B/ m; P" q
28. Symbolic sounds
, h s, `- D7 q6 V% ^5 m5 u 29. Symbolic reclamations; D9 w# p9 P! V
30. Rude gestures0 o) A1 H o S4 G/ x
O! {$ a% Z& N6 G. r: L
Pressures on Individuals
9 T: x. g g4 q9 T 31. “Haunting” officials# r; b6 e) U! M. ?0 P% T( R# h
32. Taunting officials2 w `* o c/ D, G" h& ?/ B
33. Fraternization0 a4 H' y: ^' R8 m8 p; G0 d! C R5 }
34. Vigils" [2 ?( s$ ?: G$ ?* _1 V, ]) p% F
$ W$ Z7 Z4 e* \- P$ q7 eDrama and Music
! g8 a& M+ L6 d% b' S: B: Z 35. Humorous skits and pranks: d8 A* `2 z7 P- [7 c
36. Performances of plays and music ^6 }" d0 S) T- m: D
37. Singing
- T* [! w e1 X& u* A. \( \; d1 a$ M& d" A. }) V L( L7 f
Processions
. C- [7 Q# b5 j1 Z+ ~) u6 H 38. Marches* V2 H' m4 U- X- D
39. Parades
4 |' l% }4 K2 A+ p 40. Religious processions, y) ] |" z( O7 K8 D
41. Pilgrimages6 x& v# E% ]8 j* ] M
42. Motorcades2 Z, d8 D+ x5 y9 c
9 J0 p$ W) p6 tHonoring the Dead
$ G& t- I$ E' D# i3 f 43. Political mourning! S. N) l% c$ C" f' N" h: O
44. Mock funerals8 B+ v, d4 C8 A5 Y5 \ @9 ]9 o
45. Demonstrative funerals1 y+ e n* k5 P- }- A/ i# u1 w
46. Homage at burial places& ]6 q4 Z+ K+ `7 C- p
. h. U' Z" ~) |1 b6 R _Public Assemblies
) F: Y; Z6 c0 f; w" x. P5 J 47. Assemblies of protest or support
0 L9 E4 v! g. [8 a$ Y) x 48. Protest meetings
+ S0 D0 P( C. d 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
/ h' F7 \' _$ x# G" `4 P( _1 r 50. Teach-ins1 r8 h5 d6 C2 G# k; y- w
9 W( L/ \! a; Z$ P A) {! x5 `Withdrawal and Renunciation8 ~7 B) E( }+ c
51. Walk-outs( N! a6 n+ W9 k: n7 v
52. Silence+ o* B: v4 E' p" K, e2 B
53. Renouncing honors1 N/ J& ^7 ^- N
54. Turning one’s back; s ^% `. A& e( r" {4 C1 x- ?
8 W8 G- L/ {& o- Z
9 ^& }1 ^+ G5 w3 s
P! G2 G7 k' Y) ` ^# \) W' TTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION, ?7 V7 I: T, M; R/ m S
% O) W! t0 p8 L ! t+ M6 q# K6 W6 L" e8 P
8 m( c/ ?: q) l: Y# i$ o: i
Ostracism of Persons
: e2 j2 e0 A7 F! j( v9 q7 L' ]7 V 55. Social boycott
# s% t! Y, e. ?& v 56. Selective social boycott
- Q4 \" d7 C* q' B 57. Lysistratic nonaction& d7 [5 D9 [$ w# B4 Z0 q; {* v
58. Excommunication
1 F& f* m- f' v. }4 u* T 59. Interdict
" v4 @1 T5 d: ~' _. {
$ b" X! d$ q& ]3 I6 F! x0 eNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions }5 H' `& E7 [) R+ s* |
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
( G! A8 e. \! w- K/ O. u/ F/ F 61. Boycott of social affairs
+ ]3 m7 y$ [4 B/ p) _ 62. Student strike$ j% y9 \; n" [5 U
63. Social disobedience
5 }/ V+ ?/ v6 h! P3 H 64. Withdrawal from social institutions% y- k+ Y9 l& F j+ l) y
$ u9 F3 t, @- oWithdrawal from the Social System
; @# H% B/ l5 c# ~ 65. Stay-at-home8 G, K# z+ [+ A+ t7 i
66. Total personal noncooperation
0 x) l7 H7 G' i+ s$ f8 D! d0 _ 67. “Flight” of workers! R: ]( h; C" \3 ?& \9 x
68. Sanctuary
9 ~4 v! p3 K% D7 f; b% l/ ]+ {1 r 69. Collective disappearance
! U8 `* ~' g* O4 l- a2 h/ Z' W) M4 | 70. Protest emigration (hijrat); z: W! H, ?' m5 ~
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS4 u2 x# Q1 Z9 M+ o; u
5 Y8 o4 ?6 J7 G
1 M0 X8 F. {9 k$ j! A5 C# }Actions by Consumers9 N) \: @% R) Z; _7 Y
71. Consumers’ boycott6 e3 S1 y" X4 I+ N
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods3 h4 \' t6 O0 Z) `+ K! `1 S
73. Policy of austerity" k' \) W2 V. V
74. Rent withholding
" Q/ \8 u/ @9 [3 A5 [2 n4 b 75. Refusal to rent; `* r- H0 S9 L5 B, u0 T( \6 }3 Q8 `
76. National consumers’ boycott
$ y9 [; O$ C- {2 ^3 K 77. International consumers’ boycott# [; ~/ C% w w# q( P
3 ~' B( B1 _* ]* ~- M% ~Action by Workers and Producers) F' { }1 p: Q" Q5 W6 d: w8 {
78. Workmen’s boycott
8 `- ?8 e) z* r y! L 79. Producers’ boycott
% _/ f% d# k" R% s M; r' k- y, h
, r6 R6 V4 L7 l" M0 s6 `. _Action by Middlemen/ V& x7 X5 m# z- \; l% R1 y4 L
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management! H0 @9 p9 E) }
81. Traders’ boycott# u/ Z7 A' w Z, ~2 Y
82. Refusal to let or sell property
6 S# P) d& Z. |9 j3 e$ J4 q5 h; Y 83. Lockout( n3 A6 C0 b, [; [# I9 p/ K: c/ F
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
! r( q5 h t/ L4 U: j n 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
* K" X! Q( j3 c- X, L: x1 M& u& ^$ e# A, z0 Z& b
Action by Holders of Financial Resources# t4 F7 A- Q6 Q' `2 a1 B. u- K* I9 Y
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
/ `1 F1 r/ i% e 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
; I* f4 S" z% I8 N9 Y3 R4 A 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
7 _# W4 E n- H [" K 89. Severance of funds and credit
9 e5 O; n0 i- |' w2 s( E. t 90. Revenue refusal
: m7 c' @* F( ~$ d& _ 91. Refusal of a government’s money5 h0 q% P1 t, ?$ q7 O& f5 m
5 B9 Z* j+ J: p8 ?/ a: x. T
Action by Governments
$ a9 P! D) f; B3 F6 j, b1 Y' f Q% M. l 92. Domestic embargo
" H/ x* K7 }' v; L0 T" I9 } 93. Blacklisting of traders
5 Y0 b M# G' q 94. International sellers’ embargo
+ A3 ?; N+ U5 L- r 95. International buyers’ embargo% _7 j4 S3 F$ b. Z
96. International trade embargo0 a3 G2 ?. }' {
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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2 J$ h" ^& p% W' y) ]: J
Symbolic Strikes
7 d" z, ]' E1 s 97. Protest strike
" r& m5 e+ N+ K; d) \6 h5 z! G 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)- t6 C' J4 i( M2 O
" f: M* [1 F% | k) V
Agricultural Strikes$ O( R( T# u( h4 k* m
99. Peasant strike) N7 m: Q8 T3 m" I" A& F
100. Farm Workers’ strike1 h$ V$ a, H% g3 N- m4 q
; t1 n, Z5 G( r2 o) \! M" q! TStrikes by Special Groups( _9 \ w4 ~. W
101. Refusal of impressed labor
6 s1 a; l7 i$ j! _0 }2 I& G; l 102. Prisoners’ strike
& \% r- o) \! k2 m 103. Craft strike1 l/ Z5 h5 M& t' I; e4 R; f6 I/ n5 I
104. Professional strike
9 B1 s, g5 B9 Z* u& A! W. l) b3 Q6 @! A; r( K. y! b
Ordinary Industrial Strikes) w: f% `0 Y D, J8 e
105. Establishment strike. k: P: k( p7 t( ^& g
106. Industry strike- R# [5 c& [' _: {/ W$ ]6 y7 U, j
107. Sympathetic strike
: C/ ]5 F! c* r) `2 [* B9 i0 j% o! Q; N
Restricted Strikes
% z0 K' J* T- [+ Q- k 108. Detailed strike
5 {$ b2 w2 l& o+ m9 H9 T% ], H 109. Bumper strike$ x/ g& p: @, v2 D$ K8 B
110. Slowdown strike* c3 S+ b8 T! K- q( o8 y( S
111. Working-to-rule strike# z. H: h. ]2 d+ O4 `! U
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
2 X/ o' G+ T8 q 113. Strike by resignation
h$ R5 q) ~ I7 f: R9 m- x 114. Limited strike7 U5 S: S3 @) @5 k8 m! x2 U2 ]% @
115. Selective strike) T9 T$ u* `2 _. |8 h) d
3 |; v0 D/ l' |! iMulti-Industry Strikes5 Y3 G; w! ], d: w
3 j- ?; W' C! X3 V6 e& a& j 116. Generalized strike
" _. H4 O) Z- K( e6 c" |9 b
1 h& ~5 W: }, m9 K9 H 117. General strike% r( B/ D- }( [! g! T4 u- e" c# x/ U2 S
9 k, H( M- J6 a9 ECombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
$ p3 o6 V& b/ `! G# X
, J. c7 }, O( W, ?0 s$ T 118. Hartal
+ Z2 X/ m8 x. u0 t+ s$ X/ ?3 _0 H) [
119. Economic shutdown" q0 X9 x1 B, Z8 k
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
/ ]# f: [8 y2 U5 |' c 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
6 O% [: Z$ c9 W" _. f1 [ x 121. Refusal of public support' q9 w& P5 |2 ^1 h6 s8 p. s, I
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
: R) Q5 t8 z, }) H
3 p5 H- K" ?: G8 g0 f$ uCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
: H7 G" D7 W/ D+ F 123. Boycott of legislative bodies0 n7 s) N; a9 U! J8 c8 F
124. Boycott of elections
& p: }+ d7 k v- L) M! O 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
. E+ u, H2 R" a4 [$ {9 t 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies& k& r6 D6 I: _* a7 H
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
8 R B1 a% d/ \9 I7 Y1 }7 l; l 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations; F2 s' _2 h. o; ~) S& \$ w
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents1 B p1 d9 \* y& a. @
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
: Q3 y. S- X% h9 q5 D0 P/ D 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials" e' _8 Y* Q& z) m; Q; N; A
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions- A3 ~+ j s0 E+ j* A. C; E: E
6 k( j6 \' T6 r2 jCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience: l* T) o( q" W# B A1 l. \4 N& x
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
5 T- S6 {9 @. B Q& a 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
# C$ Z7 `: i7 c 135. Popular nonobedience
6 x5 o* l/ {/ D6 \' h 136. Disguised disobedience1 I- i, Q, F4 R" z% I8 ^; }
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
/ v* n' F" z2 v* B1 e* q+ @ 138. Sitdown; Z% Z, ~6 j4 h5 d
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation/ @+ M, J8 P) @$ Y7 N1 m
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities1 I+ E8 ] e$ e$ `, c- H
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
) ?% X0 N+ B$ n& W8 V/ E6 o( p7 q
7 ?( G/ B5 V. Y3 dAction by Government Personnel Z) _ _& I0 e8 `. L2 o
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides# l8 x5 R/ F1 J) @
143. Blocking of lines of command and information" O3 B9 c: S$ `0 b# c. ~$ v
144. Stalling and obstruction& ^1 F' l3 z4 ^; E
145. General administrative noncooperation
- _6 {' J! `. Y. I& Z$ s0 L& {) g/ A: Y% c b- m$ b' k i/ v, b. c
146. Judicial noncooperation
" l1 C r6 H5 [) y6 C; O 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents4 T) F# U/ A2 F) r; o4 ~2 z9 x
148. Mutiny
4 r1 X5 e3 z( ]+ m4 `' _' n7 \( @) rDomestic Governmental Action/ {$ H/ W4 a5 l0 u! n
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays( v s7 A9 T! U0 S9 }
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units Y8 J% [& ]8 p8 m. v: U# Y4 h
# _" B. f- i: P8 V
International Governmental Action
* f# J# p4 S* p7 t( i 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations4 R) r1 J5 N! H9 A
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
: L# T8 @1 k- L7 ?. H! n; M, k 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition/ i8 Y; w% I( i) P) i& \7 G4 M
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
# ~+ b5 c* A& s2 b6 U2 `) _0 |' J 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
! V6 j+ @$ S- D 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies7 c3 w" {4 [% x3 F# N% D
157. Expulsion from international organizations; R" H& r+ D; ? e* W
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) D3 J( K7 w/ }THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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( Z t1 b# ]- l( r0 WPsychological Intervention
( N _4 O& H6 W" N! T( } 158. Self-exposure to the elements0 e( Q6 J, k K% F
159. The fast
6 u/ _' ]% ?- }) z( Y9 e a) Fast of moral pressure" f7 S. n. T, @/ j0 \0 M' [
b) Hunger strike' D- n! m1 C! P% ^) g; e+ O
c) Satyagrahic fast
- t* S6 Q' a9 z2 x! H) t6 S 160. Reverse trial
/ K8 \4 ]6 A' |5 i 161. Nonviolent harassment
4 V) o# o( e# }/ `9 Z5 a! C# w2 m2 g( d; W( G0 i* v
Physical Intervention
3 O' G X k/ b! _ 162. Sit-in
( r5 }7 X# h/ i$ S" ] 163. Stand-in/ h1 J" S1 s+ ~% e( ]
164. Ride-in; S% Q9 C$ B0 q, r5 h; w ]0 e
165. Wade-in, I3 l3 h% q2 n, Y
166. Mill-in
8 U/ S3 {( A; ^! c8 @' I- }; J: a$ E 167. Pray-in
6 f- K" y5 \/ m! A1 | 168. Nonviolent raids
5 B" o- O K: v* o% } 169. Nonviolent air raids$ N9 J+ K3 M1 R! v( j) z1 r+ `0 I
170. Nonviolent invasion; n. m4 ^* l2 i1 p$ y- x
171. Nonviolent interjection
7 V+ x, ?6 C- x0 x0 v$ h 172. Nonviolent obstruction
! o L Q0 I. J 173. Nonviolent occupation
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+ A# D9 O! E, r7 V' z ^Social Intervention
+ H- r: o% ]* m1 s5 K: J 174. Establishing new social patterns# y' {* \' c' `3 B3 U7 W
175. Overloading of facilities
4 F1 E7 r/ X/ Q. q 176. Stall-in
. Q& ?! Y. {1 R6 `6 f9 O 177. Speak-in3 v3 e( s9 H) z
178. Guerrilla theater
& S/ L6 j- \* }3 n7 b1 @ 179. Alternative social institutions
5 w, U2 Y; v8 i. M) I% J+ ` 180. Alternative communication system: N1 x+ b! N( C6 G; j! K3 W5 o
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Economic Intervention
+ d% ~0 ]5 j; ]; w 181. Reverse strike, M. n3 [* P0 ^$ @& j
182. Stay-in strike
- ]9 S% q( f. L9 O4 K T 183. Nonviolent land seizure% B! b1 M* D7 A
184. Defiance of blockades
! q: K" }3 ?- {3 r6 x9 W/ u 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
$ o: y3 n# Y) A+ w/ u) E 186. Preclusive purchasing
b- o. k! j2 I 187. Seizure of assets
( y. K. t. _ E' T5 X n! u 188. Dumping+ l1 p$ U( a* ]
189. Selective patronage. z( r; p, h) C8 M/ ?6 L: {& n
190. Alternative markets* y7 }8 c0 j; v" o L8 }
191. Alternative transportation systems
5 V; Q( X0 C% N F; l: B% G 192. Alternative economic institutions
/ R1 B5 S4 ]. L4 \9 K) {
. y! L+ E3 ]8 l; |% P6 mPolitical Intervention
2 o: N; |6 H) E F$ O) [. m, L1 h 193. Overloading of administrative systems$ U% b6 {* {# F1 z G
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents4 C. V+ i& I+ u% @# Y! R7 \
195. Seeking imprisonment
' W$ k* L f( |2 t1 z# E6 o- W$ a& f 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws& ?9 z% J; C3 j) J) m
197. Work-on without collaboration
1 y2 {/ q- P3 \5 A0 O" } 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
