PRACTICAL EXERCISE

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PRACTICAL EXERCISE
* x8 P6 b5 M! JIn assessing skeletal age, radiographs have to be taken in a standard position and with standard equipment (for instructions see Tanner et al., 1983). The descriptions and directions of the authors should also be carefully followed. NFL jerseys Football jerseys This implies that the written criteria for the stages should be carefully studied and followed. The illustrations are only a guide for the identification of the stages. They represent the upper and lower limit of a given stage. For the assignment of stages the first criterion of the previous stage must be clearly visible and, in the case of only one criterion, this must cheap jerseys NFL jerseys cheap be present. If there are two criteria, one of the two must be present. When three criteria are described, two of the three must be visible. Depending on the scale (TWII, RUS, CARP) the corresponding scores for each sex must be given, then summed and compared to reference standards for the population. In order to familiarize students with the system, three radiographs (Figures 3.6-3.8) are included for which the three maturity scores can be obtained. A scoring sheet is shown in Figure 3.9. As described above, the instructions in the throwback jerseys Saints jerseys handbook (Tanner et al., 1983) should be carefully followed and the bones arerated in the same order as indicated on the scoring sheet.

% K  g* K9 f- w9 {( }The scores obtained MBT MBT Shoes should then be compared with those of an experienced observer. In this case the ratings can be compared with those of the author (see the Appendix at the end of this chapter). His ratings showconsiderable agreement with those of the originators of the method (Beunen and Cameron, 1980). The differences between the students' ratings and those of the expert need to be discussed, and if time permits, a Viking jerseys MBT second rating can be done with at least a one-week interval.
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/ N. f2 Q& n/ c. ZIn most cases the student will experience that he/she is able to obtain fairly close agreement between his/her ratings and those of the expert. This does not at all imply that the student is now experienced. From intra- and inter-observer studies conducted in our laboratory, it appears that before one becomes experienced about 500 radiographs have to be assessed. The assessor also needs to verify his/her own intra-observer MBT Shoes MBT shoes clearance reliability and has to compare his/her ratings with those of an expert.
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1 Y/ j& m" H1 g+ X# sAs previously mentioned skeletal age is an important variable in the regression equations for predicting adult height. Given the characteristic physical structure of athletes, and the role of stature in this respect, it can be easily understood that the estimation of adult stature can be a useful factor in an efficient guidance of young athletes.

) @6 a. }1 j. s, N6 Z3 nFinally, it should be mentioned that skeletal age correlates moderately to highly with other indicators of biological maturity such as sexual maturity and morphological maturity. The association with dental maturity is considerably lower. The associations are, however, never strong enough to allow individual prediction but they are strong enough to indicate the maturation status of a group of children or MBT Sandals MBT Kisumu populations. This means that when a group of female gymnasts is markedly delayed in sexual maturity, the group is also likely to be delayed in skeletal maturity (Beunen, Reebok EasyTone 1989; Malina and Bouchard, 1991).