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kThe United States is disappointed that the Chinese have chosen in the “White Paper” issued yesterday and recent public statements to pursue a blame game misrepresenting the nature and history of trade negotiations between the two countries. To understand where the parties are and where they can go, it is necessary to understand the history that has led to the current impasse.
" m& n* y/ P1 Q2 [ 美利坚合众国对中国昨天在“白皮书”和新闻发布会中的阐述表示遗憾。这些声明推卸责任，并且误读了两国贸易磋商的根源和历史。为理清双方现有的立场以及未来磋商的方向，有必要对造成两国间现状的过程加深了解。
, s% c# ~ C) ^" V. iPresident Trump is committed to taking action to address the unfair trade practices that China has engaged in for decades, which have contributed to persistent and unsustainable trade deficits, almost $420 billion last year, and have caused severe harm to American workers, farmers, ranchers, and businesses. In August 2017, at the President’s instruction, the United States Trade Representative conducted an investigation of China’s practices relating to intellectual property rights, innovation, and technology development. After receiving and considering extensive hearing testimony and other evidence over an investigation that lasted seven months, the United States issued a 200-page report in March 2018 documenting how China had engaged in unfair trade practices, including forced technology transfer, failed to protect American intellectual property rights, and conducted and supported cyber theft from American companies, robbing them of sensitive commercial information and trade secrets. These unfair trade practices and other actions by China have cost the United States and its businesses hundreds of billions of dollars every year. ( }: x# Y9 c( I$ h# I1 b) _
特朗普总统立志于改变中国在过去数十年间通过不公平贸易活动而获益的现状。通过这些贸易活动，美中之间形成了持续多年的不健康贸易逆差，平均逆差近4200亿美元，并对美国工人、农民、牧场主、工商业的利益造成了巨大损害。2017年8月，经由总统授权，美国贸易代表办公室对中国在知识产权、创新和技术发展方面的行为展开了长达七个月的调查。经过海量的听证程序，并辅以其它证据，2018年3月，美国发表了一份长达200页的报告，对中国的各种不公平贸易行为，包括强迫技术转移、对美方企业的知识产权保护缺位、引导并支持针对美方企业的网络盗窃、偷窃敏感商业信息及贸易机密信息等行为。每年，上述种种，以及其它中国的不公平贸易行为，给美利坚合众国及其所属企业造成数以千亿美元计的损失。- I4 Y8 a9 o' L! }6 n0 v6 r
Based on these findings, the President directed his Administration to take effective action to address China’s harmful and distortive actions under both U.S. law and any applicable international agreements. The President directed USTR to challenge China’s unfair trade practices at the World Trade Organization but also to impose tariffs on China to offset the damage to U.S. industry caused by China’s conduct. In response, rather than working constructively to address our concerns, China doubled down and retaliated by imposing unjustified tariffs on American exports, and the United States responded with additional tariffs.
& j! n3 D6 }- @0 p* D 基于以上结论，总统要求有关部门以美国法律及一切向贵的国际法律公约为基础，针对中国的一系列有损美方利益而歪曲事实的行为，制定行之有效的应对措施。总统要求美国贸易办公室在世界贸易组织的层面上对中国的不公平贸易行为展开质询，同时为弥补中方行为对美方造成的损失，对中方进口商品加征关税。作为回应，中国没有选择正面回应我方关切，而是变本加厉，对美方输华商品加征不合理的报复性关税。美利坚合众国随之回应以更高的关税。5 n' `* h. |/ `
After Presidents Trump and Xi agreed to launch the current negotiations in Buenos Aires in December 2018, President Trump postponed for 90 days the increase in tariffs on Chinese imports that was scheduled to go into effect on January 1, 2019. The President extended the deadline again in March because the parties appeared to be making progress in their talks. Following months of hard work and candid and constructive discussions, the parties had reached agreement on a number of important matters. In wrapping up the final important issues, however, the Chinese moved away from previously agreed-upon provisions. In response to this Chinese backtracking, the United States moved forward with the previously announced rate increase on Chinese imports and announced tariffs on additional Chinese imports.
! x/ x% A, `5 [6 D9 s 2018年12月，特朗普总统和今上在布宜诺斯艾利斯见面，并同意开启本轮贸易谈判。此后，特朗普总统将本应于2019年1月1日加征于中国进口商品的关税生效日期延迟了90天。3月，总统再度宣布延期加征关税，以便为双方即将达成协议创造良好氛围。经过长达数月艰苦坦诚而不失建设性的谈判，双方在一些重要问题上达成了共识。但就在双方即将达成最终重要协议之时，中方对前期已经形成的临时协议表示反悔。针对中方的这一举动，美利坚合众国落实了前期宣布的加征关税措施及额度，对中国输美商品提高关税税率，并对更多的进口商品征收关税。7 q, R! B+ e \0 u' e. G
It is important to note that the impetus for the discussions was China’s long history of unfair trade practices. Our negotiating positions have been consistent throughout these talks, and China back-pedalled on important elements of what the parties had agreed to. One such position was the need for enforceability, a position necessitated by China’s history of making commitments that it fails to keep. But our insistence on detailed and enforceable commitments from the Chinese in no way constitutes a threat to Chinese sovereignty. Rather, the issues discussed are common to trade agreements and are necessary to address the systemic issues that have contributed to persistent and unsustainable trade deficits.
# I% N5 e9 h% i5 ]/ o# n: f. @ 需要特别指出的是，是中国长期以来的不公平贸易行为，使得我们不得不展开本次磋商。我们在磋商中的态度是一以贯之的，而中国却在双方已经达成的重要共识上出尔反尔。正是因为中国在过往习惯性的食言，我们强调了强制性、可执行措施的重要性；而我们所希望中方承诺实现的这些强制性、可执行措施，并不会损害中国的主权。相反，这些措施在贸易谈判中并不鲜见，对于整体有效应对长久而不健康的贸易逆差，具有重要的意义。
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发表于 2019-6-4 23:51
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