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缘分”是所谓命中注定的人与人遇合的机缘。英译“缘分”(亦作“天缘”)以及“有缘”、“无缘”常用的英文词有fate, luck, lot, destiny 等。请看几个例子:
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1.富贵功名,前缘分定。(《西游记》)' e" y& m( c' T& D
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Wealth and honor, glory and fame, are predetermined by fate. (W.J.F. Jenner 译)
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2.[宝玉问香菱为何薛蟠相亲定下了金桂,香菱笑道] 一则是天缘,二来是“情人眼里出西施”(《红楼梦》)
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f# f* M) m! iIt‘s partly fate, and partly a case of "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder."(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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9 N% y3 I& M) E4 I3 A$ T3.[王婆为了撮合西门庆和潘金莲,故意问前者是不是妻子死后,没有别的女人他中意的。西门庆争辩说]做甚么了便没?只恨我夫妻缘分上薄,自不撞着!(《水浒》). f1 E6 }! J9 d7 X
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Who says there isn‘t? It‘s just that my marriage luck has been bad. I‘ve never met the right one. (S. Shapiro 译); |1 l/ D) N8 v; H2 ~6 C. {* `
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4.她无缘,小生薄命。 (《西厢记》)
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5 I x/ V! N% `0 AShe lacks the karma; I‘m out of luck. (S. H. L. Idema 译)$ l4 @ I4 N5 n4 {$ H p
5 G6 v4 E' A t E) Z4 D$ M5.[刘备送别徐庶时说]备分浅缘薄,不能与先生相聚。(《三国演义》)2 _8 h. ?) ^6 W6 c0 M. l
3 @; J" p5 H% p+ X9 \My meagre lot, my partly destiny keep us from remaining together.( M. Robers 译)! | T5 m: V( B6 D. m
, Y6 n' |$ r6 N. G6.[杜慎卿向季苇萧诉说自己没有知心朋友]只为缘悭分浅,遇不着一个知己,所以对月伤怀,临风洒泪!(《儒林外史》)
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But I have not been lucky enough to find a true friend, and that is why I so often give way to melancholy! (杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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7.君琴瑟之好,自相知音;薄命人乌有此福。如有缘,再世可相聚耳。(《聊斋.宦娘》)$ q( Q4 o, n2 [1 t! K$ }
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You are like a matching lute and zither set. You can appreciate each other‘s music. Fate has been too unkind to allow me% B4 a/ b# A9 k! c; o# o
9 j( @" G) g5 s0 r: G" nsuch blessings. If we are linked by the ties of destiny, we will meet again in the next life. (D.C. & V. H Mair 译)
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8.[方鸿渐看不中张小姐,心中暗说]“我你他”小姐,咱们没有“举碗[案]齐眉”的缘分,希望另有好运气的人来爱上您。 (《围城》)$ Z2 [! J* l" K* f9 q; w7 B
1 Z: v0 @8 Y' u- xMiss Wo-Ni-Ta, we just weren‘t meant to "raise the bowl To the eyebrows." I hope some other lucky guy falls in love2 O% i& Y. ]; b4 W
; H7 R" K2 ]2 M0 r. G8 S; gwith you. (J. Kelly、 N. K. Mao 译)1 Q5 p5 Y/ g# ]& Z
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可以看出,以上句子里的中心词都含有“命运”的意识,英译亦然。《围城》一例所mean,据New World Dictionary 等词典的解释也有 to destine or seem to destine 的意思,颇为妥帖。/ z6 m; s: \/ Y2 J
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然而,“缘分”等词和命运的关联在有的用法里变得淡化了,甚至完全消失了。它只是泛指一种机遇或者机会。所以M. Roberts翻译《三国演义》的以下两句,用的词语和上边英译句子中的相应部分不同:
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$ Z5 [6 T% S* u) y9.[刘备二顾草芦时误认诸葛均为为诸葛亮,说]备久慕先生,无缘拜会。3 O+ O. Q- Q, r a) y7 g
/ X) u& p8 ?8 ? i& K7 v, { Z0 iYour talents and your virtue have ever been the objects of my esteem. But I have not had the honour of being presented to you.
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$ G# X6 L% `0 p9 h, W8 {* ~% j/ b不仅如此,这种机遇还可以发生在人和事物之间。体育报道里说的“无缘(进入)决赛(be barred from entering the finals; be disqualified for the finals) 即其一例。《浮生六记》的作者沈复(字三白)因妻子陈芸喜欢李白和白居易的诗,就跟她说:3 u, Q5 \. A* ~' |
; k8 T4 Z7 z, `( i3 ?. L* B11.异哉!李太白是知己,白乐天是启蒙师,余适逢字三白,为卿婿;卿与“白”字何其有缘耶?$ x' F5 C1 F( O2 \
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This is very strange. So LiBai is your bosom friend, Bai Juyi is your first tutor and yours band‘s literary name is Sanbai. It seems5 C6 L9 B6 E/ G6 z/ [
5 r/ X2 T* W" Q. }8 Y. vthat your life is always bound up with the Bai‘s. (林语堂 译) |
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