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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)6 D' [! B3 ]$ Q4 L$ I
+ \/ ~$ I+ z* k8 \2 |1 GProof:
1 n' M) T( q2 m# O7 FLet n >1 be an integer
9 n& @+ ?: u0 l* j D- }' D6 \. kBasis: (n=2)
" t3 a8 x, A8 z 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3; H6 V1 Z8 }- T' q W
7 T6 U: {# u) U |
Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
+ j4 U f& ~6 y( ?. { K^3 – K can by divided by 3.) c2 W/ }& c$ W/ n
2 g* o1 N2 O M, x+ a' B6 xNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
( ?% b4 u- y3 B( H) M lsince we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem; w- n/ {4 @* b& ~+ G( |5 y& o
Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)4 _( L+ m4 c' u& A4 w# b: j9 U
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
% G, S# f+ }) M5 G3 w' b = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)5 [: i5 c$ ]; S7 \6 v4 O
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
4 Y/ y# v0 D+ t2 i# B1 _by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0& P* X8 _1 p0 Q$ q+ H: W
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)9 ?4 _; X& \/ n( @% g2 ]2 j
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)$ Y+ y! W8 |- w- J+ _" L
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
3 U' [1 [2 f8 ~8 {7 t0 s7 ]: I
+ m+ N5 T/ ?0 Z) UConclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.
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7 C. p3 ]! J# x0 z6 a# h[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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