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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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) H2 Z: ]# }; e8 ? P6 ZProof: " O8 M+ v7 z5 h/ B5 N# B, {2 j
Let n >1 be an integer 6 R! K6 j, U( U# S4 W& |
Basis: (n=2)& [( l( Z, U @- |$ o$ a% k5 h. `3 O
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 31 I# B* u; S& ^# k
4 ^: m: U% H6 O- P# OInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
& R2 s( y8 @4 d K^3 – K can by divided by 3.- L7 H, b2 q" k" ?" ?% Q& w! }0 i0 ^
/ i: I) T+ g3 I# K$ ]Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3 O; _' O4 M' M9 b' t; }/ v
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem! o5 F5 K2 y% c- l5 V6 o3 H$ M: k
Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
- }8 Q* ^& A7 ?# S = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K e( w5 c% x! s0 W" Q1 }
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)2 S H3 i/ L; h
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)/ u* m$ [: ^) I) \$ X) s' I$ |% h
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0! z* e0 z6 [0 c& @5 Q
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)1 l' h7 Y4 a4 G
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
0 N* _5 W& f% w" p& ^ = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3' H3 p) j: R: o7 K
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Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.7 i! `, ]* X; ^$ O
4 _6 z2 U+ L G( @% j7 }
[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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