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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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Proof:
( G) Y0 B9 v, D. p" ~2 FLet n >1 be an integer
9 U' ?" ] `& WBasis: (n=2)! [/ X* T! d: n( y' ^& L3 G
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3% S4 H( D# n, f5 g& x6 ]
- {; ]5 y1 h" q) U8 w% `Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that9 \1 H: `- t n5 q1 a
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
1 i0 c; ^( l+ ^2 V, Ysince we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem, t0 z! E3 k, ^
Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)5 P4 P4 e( ~. ^ i
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K6 S& n7 u# x' n' V! c0 c
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)8 q: }5 p; t- i9 a9 f2 ]
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
8 X8 y% V2 i \% ?by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
/ p+ \) p1 ^# |9 \# F- Z. bSo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)8 q+ S' n, K) x/ K; e; o
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)" J5 l$ }% |. ]" [
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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" S% H t$ w8 R2 FConclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.
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6 i" K; g, v8 G. x[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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